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Definition
          A warning means giving information of the danger or unexpected situation that my happen if a person does something.

Warning can be found at :
·         Zoo
·         Laboratory
·         Mall
·         Hospital
·         Airport
·         Railway station,eg.
Do this :
·        Please queue other side
·        Keep right

Don’t do this :
·     Please don’t disturb
·     Don’t leave bags unattended
·     Keep off the grass
·     Silence. Examination is in progress.

Respone to the warning given by someone
·          Oh! It could hurt me. Thanks guys
·          I know,I’ll be careful.
·          Thank you so much

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GERUNDS,PRESENT AND PAST PARTICIPLE AS ADJECTIVE.




Participles
A participle is a verb form used as an adjective to modify nouns and pronouns. The following sentence contains both a present and a past participle:
The children, crying and exhausted, were guided out of the collapsed mine.
Crying is a present participle, formed by adding -ing to the present form of the verb (cry).
Exhausted is a past participle, formed by adding -ed to the present form of the verb (exhaust). Both participles modify the subject, children.
All present participles end in -ing. The past participles of all regular verbs end in -ed. However, irregular verbs have various past participle endings (for instance, thrown. ridden, built, and gone).
A participial phrase is made up of a participle and its modifiers. A participle may be followed by an object, an adverb, a prepositional phrase, an adverb clause, or any combination of these.
Example :
  • The bored student.
  • The confused class. (all the students)
  • The chicken has eaten. (perfect aspect:)
  • The chicken was eaten. (passive voice)

*Gerunds
In English, the gerund is identical in form to the present participle (ending in -ing) and can behave as a verb within a clause (so that it may be modified by an adverb or have an object), but the clause as a whole (sometimes consisting of only one word, the gerund itself) acts as a noun within the larger sentence. For example: Eating this cake is easy.


Other examples of the gerund:
  • I like swimming. (direct object)
  • Swimming is fun. (subject)
  • I never gave swimming all that much effort. (indirect object)
Gerund clauses:
  • She is considering having a holiday.
  • Do you feel like going out?
  • I can't help falling in love with you.
  • I can't stand not seeing you.

*Present
The present (or now) is the time that is associated with the events perceived directly and in the first time, not as a recollection (perceived more than once) or a speculation (predicted, hypothesis, uncertain). It is a period of time between the past and the future, and can vary in meaning from being an instant to a day or longer.

Example:
-I help people
-I'M happy today
-You are busy now
-We are ready
-She is tired
-I live in Jakarta
-I have breakfast at six 

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EXPRESSING RELIEF and PAIN

1.    Expressing Relief
When we have problem and we can solve it,we’ll fell relief. In other situation,when we feel worried about something and anything that we’ll face it,we’ll also feel relief. A relief is lessening or ending of pain and worry.

2.    Expressing Pain
When we get sick,we must feel pain on part of our body. When we get an accident,and we get injured because of it,we must feel pain.

Pain
Relief
Ouch!That was hurt
It is painful
It hurts me
I’ve got a backache/toothache/stomachache
I feel sore all over
My eyes hurt

I’m very relieved to hear…Finally, it was over
I feel relieved
I feel much better
I’m glad it’s over
That’s a great relief
I’m extremely glad to hear…
Thank goodness for that
Marvellous
What a relief!

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ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

An adjective clause is a clause that describe a word or a group of words in another clause. Adjective clauses are often part of a complex sentence.
Recognize an adjective clause when you see one.
An adjective clause—also called an adjectival or relative clause—will meet three requirements:
·         First, it will contain a subject and verb.
·         Next, it will begin with a relative pronoun [who, whom, whose, that, or which] or a relative adverb [when, where, or why].
·         Finally, it will function as an adjective, answering the questions What kind? How many? or Which one?
The adjective clause will follow one of these two patterns:
relative pronoun or adverb + subject + verb
relative pronoun as subject + verb
Adjective Clauses use that,who,whom,and which to begin the clause :
-          Who, used for humans in subject position
-          Who (m), used for humans in object position
-          Which used for things and animals in subject or object position.
-          That, use for humans,animal,and things,in subject or object position.
-          When, used for preposition (in,on,at)
-          Where, use for place(s)
-          Whose is used to indicate ownership.

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ASKING FOR AND GIVING OPINIONS.


Asking for and Giving Opinion
People usually have opinions about something, they will ask to other people about something and probably they will get also the reply or other people’s opinion.
In general,an opinion is a subjective belief,and is the result of emotion or interpretation of facts. Opinions are never right or wrong,they are merely a figment of what someone believes. However it can be reasoned that one opinion is better supported by the facts than another by analysing the supporting argurments. In casual use,the term opinion may be the result of a person’s perspective,understanding,particular feelings,beliefs and desires.
Asking for Opinion
Formal :
  • Have you got any comments on …..
  • Do you have any idea?
  • Do you have any opinion on ……
  • Would you give me your opinion on……….?
  • What is your reaction to ….
  • What is your opinion about……….?
  • What are you feeling about………….?
  • What are your views on……….?
  • Please give me your frank opinion?
Informal
  • What do you think of…….?
  •  What do you think about………?
  •  What is your opinion?
  • Why do they behave like that?
  • Do you think it’s going?
  • How do you like?
  • How was the trip?
  • How do you think of Rina’s idea ?
Giving Opinion
Informal
  •   I think I like it.
  •   I don’t think I care for it.
  •   I think it’s good/nice/terrific……..
  •   I think that awful/not nice/terrible…………
  •   I don’t think much of it.
  •   I think that……..
  •   In my opinion, I would rather……….
  •   In my case …..
  •   What I’m more concerned with ….
  •   What I have in my mind is………
  •   From my point of view ….

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